KOSOVO JULIO 2011
Durante el mes de Julio de 2011 he vuelto a Kosovo, en esta ocasión para realizar una investigación parte del master que estoy realizando.El Kosovo que deje el 28 de Diciembre de 2007, era un Kosovo pre-independiente, donde la declaración de independencia estaba al caer –no pasaron ni siquiera dos meses cuando el 17 de Febrero de 2008, se realizo la declaración en Pristina. El Kosovo de 2011, es un Kosovo con una independencia condicionada –la Unión Europea y los organismos internacionales “monitorean” (horrible palabro) que sigan la hoja de ruta del plan Ahtisaari, mientras buscan una salida a la ratonera legal en la que se encuentran –la falta de reconocimiento internacional de la República de Kosovo –solo 77 estados lo han hecho- dificulta cualquier acuerdo en el Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas –donde Rusia y China se oponen a cualquier cambio legal que pueda ser considerado un antecedente para los movimientos secesionistas de todo el mundo. Kosovo oficialmente –a los ojos de Naciones Unidas y de la “legalidad internacional”-sigue siendo una provincia de Serbia administrada por Naciones Unidas, la realidad es que Kosovo es independiente –de hecho que no de derecho- pero no por ello menos independiente.
En 2011 me he encontrado una ciudad con menos “expertos internacionales” –me voy a permitir un chiste fácil: los Pajeros han abandonado Kosovo.—leer nota para pillar el chiste. Es un poco rebuscado pero, yo soy de humor bizarro.
Los cafés del centro de Pristina que rodeaban las sedes de Naciones Unidas, la Unión Europea, OSCE y demás, han pasado de estar tomados por las hordas de diplomáticos y burócratas de todo el mundo, a ser el lugar en el que la “gente guapa” de Kosovo se deja ver o hace negocios.
Pristina es hoy más albano-kosovar que nunca y menos “multi-étnica” de lo que nos gustaría. Pero no lo digo con acritud, tan solo representa la realidad de Kosovo, donde más del 80% de la población es albano-kosovar, y donde las “comunidades” son menos visibles y viven más encerradas en si mismas.
A este nueva república de Kosovo le queda mucho camino por recorrer, y tengo la sensación de que no va a ser tan fácil como muchos piensan. La independencia –condicionada, de hecho, alegal o ilegal o cómo queramos llamarla- no ha resuelto muchos de los problemas que acarreaba Kosovo. Una economía extremadamente frágil, unas tasas de desempleo que superan el 60% (aunque las autoridades de Pristina se empeñen en maquillar las cifras nunca bajan de 45%), una economía dependiente de las ayudas internacionales y el dinero de la diáspora, todo esto deja un escenario en el que el 30% de la población vive por dabajo del umbral de la pobreza y donde el 13% vive en la extrema pobreza con menos de 1 dólar diario… A lo que hay que añadir una clase política poco formada en los lides democráticos (y con un historial cuanto menos controvertido), grave corrupción, carencias institucionales y de infraestructuras básicas, un sistema educativo y sanitario deficitario y un largo etcétera en el que no faltan vulneración de los derechos humanos de algunos segmentos de la sociedad.
Cuando me fui de Kosovo en 2007, había un ambiente triunfalista con la inminente llegada de la independencia, se esperaba que la independencia trajera de la mano un nuevo Kosovo –creo que literalmente— pero la realidad es otra. Hoy, ante un desanimo general por la falta del status independencia real –el status de país independiente reconocido internacionalmente permitiría a Kosovo formar parte de la comunidad internacional y solicitar la admisión en los organismos internacionales –solo el Banco Mundial y la Fondo Monetario Internacional han aceptado a Kosovo ante la necesidad de los prestamos que exigía la economía kosovar—. Estos organismos internacionales podrían traer inversiones extranjeras y los tan deseados visados .
El futuro de Kosovo sigue siendo incierto, los casos de violencia de los últimos días son una señal más de la fragilidad de la paz en Kosovo, y por extensión en los Balcanes. El tan deseado status final tendrá que seguir esperando y mientras tanto, Kosovo seguirá en el limbo legal con todo lo que esto significa.
Le deseo suerte, la van a necesitar.
Nota : Mitsubishi Pajero es el 4x4 que Naciones Unidas usaba en Kosovo –también en otras muchas misiones-, durante mucho tiempo, la presencia de los Pajero era el símbolo de los “internacionales”, de las inversiones extranjeras y de las donaciones internacionales.
Etiquetas: kosovo
entrada de nico @ sábado, julio 30, 2011
42 comentarios:
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